BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Primary Sources
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2. Secondary Sources
2.1 Books
Agrawal, V. S. Indian Art. Varanasi: Prithvi Prakashan, 1965.
Allchin, F. R. The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Allen, C. Ashoka: The Search for India's Lost Emperor. London: Little, Brown Book Group, 2012.
Barthoux, Jules. Les Fouilles de Hadda: Figures et Figurines. Paris: Les Éditions G. van Oest, 1930.
Basham, A. L. The Wonder That Was India. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1954.
Behrendt, Kurt A. The Buddhist Architecture of Gandhara. Leiden: Brill, 2004.
Bopearachchi, O. Indo-Greek, Indo-Scythian and Indo-Parthian Coins. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1993.
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Burgess, James. The Buddhist Stupas of Amaravati and Jaggayyapeta. London: Trubner & Co., 1887.
Coningham, Robin, and Ruth Young. The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c. 6500 BCE–200 CE. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
Creswell, John W. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. 4th ed. Boston: Pearson, 2012.
Cunningham, Alexander. The Bhilsa Topes, or Buddhist Monuments of Central India. London: Smith, Elder and Co., 1854.
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Dar, S. R. Taxila and the Western World. Lahore: Ferozsons, 1998.
Dassanayake, M. B. The Relics of Sariputta and Moggallana Arahants. Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 1999.
Dehejia, V. Early Buddhist Rock Temples: A Chronology. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1972.
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Errington, Elizabeth. The Charles Masson Archive: British Museum Research Publication. London: British Museum, 2017.
Faccenna, Domenico. Butkara I (Swat, Pakistan) 1956-1962. Rome: IsMEO, 1980.
Falk, H. Aśokan Sites and Artefacts: A Source-book with Bibliography. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 2006.
Foucher, A. L'art gréco-bouddhique du Gandhāra. Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1905.
Gombrich, Richard. Theravada Buddhism: A Social History. London: Routledge, 1988.
Guha-Thakurta, T. Monuments, Objects, Histories: Institutions of Art in Colonial and Postcolonial India. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.
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Hirakawa, Akira. A History of Indian Buddhism. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1990.
Huntington, Susan L. The Art of Ancient India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain. New York: Weatherhill, 1985.
Indasoma, Bhikkhu (Sao Dhammasami). Custodians of the Buddha’s Sacred Relics Vol. 1. Sri Lanka: Makutarama Temple, 2024.
Ingholt, Harald. Gandharan Art in Pakistan. New York: Pantheon Books, 1957.
Jongeward, David. Gandharan Buddhist Reliquaries. Seattle: Early Buddhist Manuscripts Project, 2012.
Khan, M. A. Gandhara Art of Pakistan. Peshawar: Peshawar University, 1994.
Knox, Robert. Amaravati: Buddhist Sculpture from the Great Stupa. London: British Museum Press, 1992.
Kuwayama, Shoshin. Across the Hindukush of the First Millennium. Kyoto: Kyoto University, 2002.
Kuwayama, Shoshin. The Main Stupa of Shah-ji-ki-Dheri: A Chronological Outlook. Kyoto: Kyoto University, 1997.
Lahiri, N. Ashoka in Ancient India. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2015.
Longhurst, A. H. The Buddhist Antiquities of Nagarjunakonda, Madras Presidency. Delhi: Manager of Publications, 1938.
Maisey, F. C. Sanchi and its Remains. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 1892.
Marshall, John. A Guide to Sanchi. Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1918.
Marshall, John. A Guide to Taxila. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960.
Marshall, John. Taxila: An Illustrated Account of Archaeological Excavations. 3 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951.
Masson, Charles. Ariana Antiqua: A Descriptive Account of the Antiquities and Coins of Afghanistan. London: East India Company, 1841.
Masson, Charles. Narrative of Various Journeys in Balochistan, Afghanistan, and the Panjab. London: Richard Bentley, 1842.
Michell, G. The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India, Volume 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu. London: Penguin Books, 1989.
Mitra, Debala. Buddhist Monuments. Calcutta: Sahitya Samsad, 1971.
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Rowland, B. The Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain. London: Penguin Books, 1953.
Salomon, Richard. Ancient Buddhist Scrolls from Gandhāra: The British Library Kharosthi Fragments. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1999.
Salomon, Richard. Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and other Indo-Aryan Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Samad, Abdul. Emergence of Buddhism in Gandhara: New Excavations at Bhamala. Peshawar: KP Archaeology Department, 2017.
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Sewell, Robert. Report on the Amravati Tope, and Excavations on its Site in 1877. London: Waterlow and Sons, 1880.
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Sivaramamurti, C. Amaravati Sculptures in the Madras Government Museum. Madras: Government Museum, 1942.
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2.2 Articles and Journals
Bailey, H. W. "Notes on the Kharoshthi Inscriptions." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, (1980).
Brekke, T. "Bones of Contention: Buddhist Relics, Nationalism and the Politics of Archaeology." Numen 54, no. 3 (2007): 270-303.
Errington, Elizabeth. "Historical Notes on the Discovery of the Relics at Taxila." South Asian Studies, (1999).
Fussman, G. "Nouvelles inscriptions de l'époque de Kaniṣka." Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient, (1980).
Geary, D. "Rebuilding the Navel of the Earth: Buddhist Pilgrimage and Transnational Religious Networks." Journal of Global Buddhism 15 (2014): 69-90.
Hargreaves, H. "The Buddhist Relic Casket Inscription." Journal of the Punjab Historical Society, (1924).
Konow, S. "Kalawan Inscription of the Year 134." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, (1932): 949-965.
Maha Bodhi Society. The Maha Bodhi Journal, Vol. 60. Calcutta, 1952.
Majumdar, N. G. "The Bajaur Casket of the Reign of Menander." Epigraphia Indica 24 (1937): 1-8.
Prinsep, James. "Note on the Brown Relics found in the Mankiala Stupa." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 3 (1834): 557-559.
Salomon, Richard. "The Inscription of Indravarman (Avaca King)." Journal of the American Oriental Society 116, no. 3 (1996): 418-422.
Salomon, Richard. "The Inscription of Senavarma, King of Odi." Indo-Iranian Journal 29 (1986): 261-293.
Schopen, Gregory. "The Inscription on the Kuṣāṇ Image of Amitābha and the Character of the Early Mahāyāna in India." Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 10, no. 2 (1987).
Simpson, W. "The Buddhist Caves of Afghanistan." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 14 (1882): 319.
Skilling, Peter. "Cutting Across Boundaries: The Role of Relics in Buddhist History." Journal of Buddhist Studies, (2005).
Spooner, D. B. "Excavations at Sahri Bahlol." Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of India 1909-10. Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing, 1914.
Willis, Michael. "Buddhist Saints in Ancient Vedisa." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 11, no. 2 (2001): 219-228.
Willis, Michael. "Relics of the Buddha: Place, Politics, and the Sacred." Material Religion 15, no. 1 (1999).
Zemaryalaï, Tarzi. "Hadda à la lumière des fouilles récentes de Tapa Shotor et Tapa-i-Kafariha." Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 120, no. 3 (1976): 381-410.